betobungo

Betobungo

Vietnamese grammar guide

Foundational Basics

This section introduces the absolute essentials of Vietnamese grammar, assuming no knowledge. It covers core building blocks like sounds, words, and simple structures to enable basic sentence formation.

1. Introduction to Vietnamese Script and Pronunciation

• Alphabet and basic sounds
• Tone system overview
• Basic syllable structure

2. Word Order in Simple Sentences

• Subject-verb-object patterns
• Basic affirmative sentences

3. Nouns and Noun Phrases

• Singular and plural forms
• Gender neutrality
• Basic noun modification

4. Classifiers (Phân loại từ)

• Role and necessity of classifiers
• Common classifiers for everyday objects

5. Pronouns

• Personal pronouns (I, you, he/she/it, we, they)
• Possessive forms

6. Articles and Determiners

• Absence of definite/indefinite articles
• Demonstratives (this, that, these, those)

7. Adjectives

• Placement in sentences
• Basic descriptive forms

8. Basic Verbs and Actions

• Verb forms (no conjugation)
• Simple present actions

9. Negation

• Basic negative particles
• Placement in sentences

10. Questions

• Yes/no question formation
• Basic question words (what, where, who)

Intermediate Level

This section expands on beginner concepts, introducing modifiers, time expressions, and compound structures to form more detailed sentences.

11. Adverbs

• Types and placement
• Frequency and manner adverbs

12. Prepositions and Location

• Common prepositions for place and direction
• Time prepositions

13. Possession

• Expressing ownership
• Genitive structures

14. Numbers and Quantifiers

• Cardinal and ordinal numbers
• Quantifiers with classifiers

15. Time and Aspect Markers

• Indicating past, present, future (using particles)
• Ongoing and completed actions

16. Conjunctions

• Coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or)
• Subordinating conjunctions for simple clauses

17. Comparatives and Superlatives

• Basic comparisons
• Equality and superiority forms

18. Imperatives and Commands

• Direct commands
• Polite forms

19. Passive Constructions

• Basic passive voice
• Agent inclusion

20. Relative Clauses

• Introducing modifiers for nouns
• Placement and markers

Advanced Level

This section covers sophisticated grammar for handling intricate ideas, including conditionals, reported speech, and extended syntax, while remaining practical for input comprehension.

21. Conditionals

• Real and unreal conditions
• If-then structures

22. Reported Speech

• Direct to indirect conversion
• Tense adjustments

23. Modal Particles and Auxiliaries

• Expressing ability, necessity, possibility
• Obligation and permission

24. Complex Sentences

• Multiple clauses
• Cause and effect structures

25. Emphasis and Focus

• Topic-comment structures
• Emphasis particles

26. Reduplication

• Forms for intensification
• Repetition in adjectives and verbs

27. Idiomatic Structures

• Fixed grammatical patterns
• Common compound verbs

28. Advanced Negation and Questions

• Double negatives
• Rhetorical and tag questions

29. Discourse Markers

• Linking sentences in paragraphs
• Sequence and contrast

1. Review and Integration
   • Combining elements from all levels
   • Forming extended passages

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