DoVG

từng₂  distributive adverb (each, one by one in the past)

Core Meaning

từng is used when speakers want to describe things happening one by one over time in the past, step by step, or person by person.

Speakers use từng₂ to slow the scene down and highlight that events did not happen all at once, but separately and repeatedly.

The focus is on individual units (days, people, steps, moments) in a past sequence.


Situations / Uses

S1: Describing repeated actions over time (day by day, step by step)

Speakers use từng to show something happened again and again, each time separately.

[1] – Tôi nhớ từng ngày ở đó. I remember each day there.

[2] – Cô ấy viết từng chữ rất cẩn thận. She wrote each letter very carefully.


S2: Talking about people or things handled one by one

từng is used when attention is given to each individual person or item in the past.

[3] – Thầy gọi từng sinh viên lên bảng. The teacher called each student to the board.

[4] – Anh ấy kiểm tra từng cái túi. He checked each bag.


S3: Emphasizing careful, gradual past processes

Speakers use từng to stress that something happened slowly, carefully, or with effort.

[5] – Họ xây ngôi nhà từng bước một. They built the house step by step.

[6] – Cô ấy học từng chút tiếng Việt. She learned Vietnamese bit by bit.


Contrast / Comparison (Cf)

từng₂ vs mỗi

từng₂: looks back at a past sequence, often vivid or emotional – mỗi: more neutral, often general or habitual

[7a] – Tôi nhớ từng buổi tối mùa hè đó. I remember each evening of that summer.

[7b] – Mỗi buổi tối tôi học tiếng Việt. Every evening I study Vietnamese.


từng₂ vs tất cả

từng₂: focuses on each item separatelytất cả: focuses on the whole group

[8a] – Tôi đọc từng lá thư. I read each letter (one by one).

[8b] – Tôi đọc tất cả thư. I read all the letters.


Notes

từng₂ usually comes before a noun, classifier, or verb phrase.

• Often used in narration, memories, descriptions.

• Creates a slow, detailed, sometimes emotional tone.

• Common in both spoken and written Vietnamese.

• Often appears with words like ngày, người, bước, chút.


Common Patterns / Combinations

từng + noun

từng ngày each day (in the past)

từng người each person

từng + classifier + noun

từng cái một each one

từng … một

từng bước một step by step


từng₂ lets speakers walk back through the past slowly, touching each moment one at a time.