Types of adjectives in Vietnamese
Distinguishing adjectives in Vietnamese is quite complicated. To clarify this issue, this lesson will help you better understand the types of adjectives in Vietnamese.
What are adjectives in Vietnamese?
Adjectives are words that describe characteristics or properties of things, activities, states. There are three types of characteristic adjectives: Feature adjectives, property adjectives, and state adjectives. Adjectives are usually placed after nouns: “Quả táo đỏ” (red apple).
Classification and examples of adjectives in Vietnamese
Adjectives in Vietnamese can be classified into:
Vietnamese****English
Tính từ chỉ phẩm chất:
tốt xấu sạch bẩn
đúng sai hèn nhát
Adjectives of qualities:
good bad clean dirty
right wrong cowardly
Tính từ chỉ màu sắc:
xanh đỏ tím vàng xám
đen trắng nâu chàm
Color adjectives:
blue red purple yellow gray
black white brown indigo
Tính từ chỉ kích thước:
cao thấp rộng hẹp dài
ngắn to nhỏ bé
khổng lồ tí hon mỏng dày
Adjectives of size:
tall short wide narrow long
short big small small
giant tiny thin thick
Tính từ chỉ hình dáng:
vuông tròn cong
thẳng quanh co thoi
Adjectives for shape:
square round curved
straight winding rhombus
Tính từ chỉ âm thanh:
ồn ồn ào trầm
bổng vang
Adjectives for sound:
noisy noisy low
high resonant
Tính từ chỉ hương vị:
thơm thối hôi cay nồng
ngọt đắng chua tanh
Adjectives for taste:
fragrant rotten foul spicy strong
sweet bitter sour fishy
Tính từ chỉ cách thức, mức độ:
xa gần đủ nhanh
chậm lề mề
Adjectives showing manner and degree:
far near enough
fast slow
Tính từ chỉ lượng/dung lượng:
nặng nhẹ đầy vơi
nông sâu vắng đông
Adjectives for volume/capacity:
heavy light full empty
shallow deep empty crowded
Lemon is sour
Vietnamese adjectives indicating characteristics
A characteristic is a distinctive feature of something (can be a person, an animal, a thing, a tree). Characteristics of an object are mainly external features (appearance) that we can directly perceive through eyes, ears, hands touching, nose smelling.
These are its own features, its own look of color, shapes, shapes, sounds, etc. of things. The characteristics of an object can also be internal characteristics that can be recognized through observation, inference, generalization. Those are the characteristics of a person's temperament, psychology, personality, durability, value of an object... But mostly it will be more in favor of external characteristics.
Tính từ chỉ đặc điểm bên ngoài: xinh, đẹp, cao, thấp, rộng, hẹp, xanh, đỏ,
(Adjectives indicating external characteristics: pretty, beautiful, tall, short, wide, narrow, blue, red)
Ex:
Cô gái kia cao quá!
(That girl is so tall!)
Lá cây chuyển vàng vào mùa thu.
(The leaves turn yellow in the fall.)
Tính từ chỉ đặc điểm bên trong: chăm chỉ, ngoan, bền, chắc,…
(Adjectives indicating inner characteristics: hard-working, obedient, durable, firm,...)
Ex:
Con gái tôi học lớp 7. Bé rất ngoan.
(My daughter is in 7th grade. She is very good.)
Cái vali này rất nhẹ.
(This suitcase is very light.)
'Cao' in Vietnamese means 'tall'
Adjectives show the nature of things or subjects in Vietnamese
This is also to indicate specific characteristics of things and phenomena. Including social nature, life phenomenon or nature.
This adjective mainly expresses inner qualities. Things that we cannot see, see, touch, or smell. But we have to observe, analyze, and synthesize to know. There are the following common adjectives: Tốt, xấu, ngoan, hư, nặng ,nhẹ, sâu sắc, thân thiện, vui vẻ, hiệu quả, thiết thực, dễ gần, hào phóng, lười biếng…
Examples of adjectives of character
Adjectives of character are a characteristic used to distinguish one thing from another.
Ex: Tính chất của nước là không màu không mùi, không vị.
(Water is colorless, odorless and tasteless.)
Tính chất của metan là nhẹ, không màu, không mùi.
(Methane is a gas, colorless and odorless.)
Buổi đi chơi hôm nay rất thú vị.
(Today's outing was very interesting.)
Cô ấy rất lười biếng.
(She is very lazy.)
Vietnamese adjectives for status
Status adjectives are words that indicate the state of a person, thing, or phenomenon in a short or long period of time. This word expresses objective phenomena in life. Some common state adjectives: hôn mê, ốm, khỏe, khổ, đau, yên tĩnh, ồn ào…
Ex:
Thành phố thật náo nhiệt.
(What a Bustling city.)
Vì bị ốm nên tôi không thể đi học được.
(Because I was sick, I couldn't go to school.)
Vui vẻ is also a adjective for status
Adjectives describe Vietnamese personality
Regarding human personality, there are some adjectives that describe Vietnamese personality such as:
Vietnamese****English Chăm chỉ - Lười biếng Industrious - Lazy Thông minh - Ngu dốt Smart - Stupid Nhanh nhẹn - Chậm Quick - Slow Cẩn thận, chu đáo - Cẩu thả Careful, Attentive - Sloppy Thật thà - Lươn lẹo Honesty - Dishonesty Tốt bụng - Xấu tính Kind - Mean Dễ gần - khó gần Friendly - Unfriendly Điềm đạm - Nóng nảy, cộc cằn Calm - Hot tempered, grumpy Dễ tính - Khó tính Easy - Strict Niềm nở - Lãnh đạm Cheerfulness - Apathetic Ham học - Lười học Eager to learn - Lazy to study
Regarding taste, Vietnamese has some adjectives
Vietnamese****English mặn vừa phải - nhạt, lạt salty, moderate - light, bland
ngọt đắng cay chát nóng
lạnh nồng chua tanh
sweet bitter spicy acrid hot
cold hot sour fishy
thơm thối thum thủm
thoang thoảng nồng nặc
fragrant rotten thumping
faint intense
Adjectives indicate levels in Vietnamese
Vietnamese****English
cao - thấp - vừa phải
nặng - nhẹ
nghiêm trọng - nhẹ
bình thường, nhanh - chậm
high - low - moderate
heavy - light
severe - mild
normal, fast - slow
This lesson has shown different kinds of adjectives in Vietnamese. Hopefully that will help you to improve your grammar skills.
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